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The names of many places in the Czech lands (Bohemia, Moravia, Austrian Silesia) have evolved during their history. The article concerns primarily the towns and villages, but bilingual names for mountains, rivers etc. are also listed when they are known. Places are sorted alphabetically according to their German names. When one place has several names, an attempt is made to have only one line with a blue link; "''see''" then refers to the German name where the place is fully identified. This list was first imported from the German Wikipedia in 2006; some German notes remain. Since 2012, hundreds of new entries have been added, based on a comparison with the official list of the royal Austrian post offices which were in operation in 1900 (or which closed earlier), each with the corresponding District code: 91 for those in Bohemia (B,xy), 34 for Moravia (M,xy), 8 for Austrian Silesia (S,x).〔Wilhelm Klein, ''Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890'', published in 1967 in ''Die politische Gliederung der österreichischen Reichshälfte''〕 In 1900, the largest number of post-offices in Cisleithania was in Bohemia: 1434;〔Klein 1967, page 18〕 656 were in Moravia and 188 in Austrian Silesia. In 2010, the number of municipalities (''obcí'') in the Czech Republic was 6250. There are also links to subpages with listings of the German-language names of towns and villages in the 14 regions of the Czech Republic, sorted by the Czech name. Many of the German names are now exonyms, but used to be endonyms commonly used by the local German population, who had been invited into the less-populated regions as colonists by Czech rulers in the Middle Ages and who had lived in many of these places from the early modern period until shortly after World War II. A further illustration of this complex matter can be seen in the Gallery Postmarks of the Czech lands and in the map ''German speaking regions in Austria before 1918''. ==Historical perspective== Until 1866, the only official language of the Empire of Austria administration was the German. Some place names were merely "Germanised" versions of the original Czech/Slavic names, as seen e.g. from their pronunciation. The compromise of 1867 marked a recognition of the need for bilingualism in areas where an important portion of the population used another language; the procedure was imposed by official instructions in 1871.〔Sprachenverordnungen - Erlass vom 2. April 1871 - Amtliche Einführung doppelsprachiger Stempel (Klein - Chronologisch übersicht )〕 In the 3 provinces which now are part of the Czech Republic, the languages used were (around 1900):〔 * Bohemia: Czech (63%), German (37%) * Moravia: Czech (70%), German (29%) * Austrian Silesia: Czech (22%), German (48%), Polish (30%). It may thus be more appropriate to state that German names were all ''official'' endonyms. As illustrated by the name of post-offices, many towns and villages received a dual name after 1867, except— as stated —in the area where a clear majority of the population spoke German, namely the Sudetenland. The images of German cancellations with a label ''Endonym in ...'' are for places where the official (post-office) name was not bilingual in 1900.〔 After the Beneš decrees in 1945, Czech names became the rule. Sometimes, Czech place names had to be coined from scratch, there was no traditional Czech/Slavic name for some places. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of historical German and Czech names for places in the Czech Republic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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